Working group session:
Breeding and Applied Genomics
Presentation type:
poster
Authors:
Shadmanov, Rustam; Shadmanova, Anna; Saranskaya, Ludmila
Presenter:
Shadmanov, Rustam
Correspondent:
Shadmanova, Anna; Saranskaya, Ludmila
Abstract:
Changing ecological conditions and climatic changes aassociated with the rapid drying of the Aral sea basin in the Central Asia region generates a need for development of plant varieties with a very short vegetative period, high economic characteristics and maximum adaptability to different environmental factors. In many cases, agricultural crops, confronted with various unfavorable factors, show stability to these factors as a result of adaptation to environmental conditions. It occurs mainly by means of active adaptations and microevolutionary processes within populations of plants. The induction of enzymes or modifications in their structure or expression or formation of new proteins can provide cells protection and can be an essential condition of survival. It is possible to conduct selection of adaptive genotypes only on the basis of biochemical markers especially when these changes are not always reflected in the plant’s morphology. Technology based on identification of adaptive biotypes using marked characters allows very fast on the level of seeds select genotypes on many characters.
The tests showed that using this method it is possible to breed varieties and lines of cotton and other crops with such characteristics as early ripening, high productivity, tolerance to diseases, salinity, drought, increase a fiber quality and fiber output, oil content in seeds.
Each character however is marked on enzymes or seeds proteins which correlate directly or indirectly with characters described above. Biotypes progeny which is selected on required characters is of high tolerance to different environmental factors in comparison with standard material.
Besides this technology allows estimate purity and morphological homogeneity of a variety. It is also important that this development is environmentally safe in comparison with technologies of gene engineering.